What is Celiakisë disease ?

Celiakisë disease caused by the ingestion of gluten , which is a complex of proteins that are insoluble in water in wheat , and is
characterized by a large number of clinical manifestations .
Ass.dr. Atifte Ramosaj - Morina
Institute of Anatomy , Faculty of Medicine
Pediatric Clinic - UCC

Celiakisë disease or enteropathy glutenike and popularly known as the flour intolerance is an autoimmune disease triggered by gluten ( a component of wheat , rye , barley ) persons who appear to be genetically predisposed to the disease and is characterized by a large number of events clinical .

Numerous studies report significant increases in the spread of the disease in the last two decades with a frequency of 1 in 100 people worldwide .
Most commonly occurs in Europe ( the UK and northern Europe ) , then in North America and Australia . Rarely occurs in Japanese , Chinese and blacks .

Celiakise disease epidemiology is described as a model iceberg , typical cases Celiaki usually diagnosed because of complaints suggestive pose significant part of the iceberg , which constitutes only one fifth of the cases , while the rest remain without diagnosed .
The disease is often associated with other autoimmune diseases such as Diabetes Melli , Down syndrome , autoimmune tiroiditi etc. . But the disease is very common among members of the same family with an incidence of 5-10 % .



As and when the disease appears
Symptoms of the disease can occur at any age by two years of age when starting and supplementary food . Celiakisë disease caused by the ingestion of gluten , which is a complex of proteins that are insoluble in water in wheat , rye and barley (but not oat ) , that the persons genetically predisposed for Disease Celiakisë , recognize as foreign and encourage a response causing damage to his intestine .

clinical manifestations
Celiakië difficult disease can be diagnosed , because it appears to people in different ways . There are about 300 known symptoms which may occur in the digestive system or other body parts . Some patients may not have symptoms at all . However , all people with the disease celiakise are always threatened by the appearance of complications ( consequences ) long .

Frequent clinical symptoms are :
• Barkqitja heavy wind or constipation - featured in over 50 % of patients
• symptoms of persistent and unexplained gastrointestinal , such as nausea and vomiting
• recurring pain and swelling of the belly . • pagjakësi ( anemia ) - often the only symptom of celiac visible to anemia may be resistant to therapy
• fatigue and headaches
• weight loss (but not in all cases )
• mouth ulcers
• hair loss ( alopecia )
• skin rash ( dermatitis skin herpetiform )
• problems with tooth enamel
• attenuation of bone ( osteoporosis )
• depression
• Delayed puberty or later infertility
• recurrent miscarriages
• joint and / or bone pain
• Nerve problems , irritability , and sensitivity movement disorder

Other symptoms most common in children are :
- Loss of muscle mass in the arms and legs
- Abdominal distension
- irritability
- Mosshtim in weight or lose weight ( after previously having a good growth )
- Delay in rritjeDiagnostikimi
There are several tests ( blood ) which applied to diagnose disease Celiakisë but mostly used the so-called test - TTG IgA ( antibodies trans glutaminik ) . If test results are positive and suggest Celiakisë disease , it is recommended to become intestine biopsy to confirm the diagnosis .

Why is important as early diagnosis and who should be tested ?
As early diagnosis and early initiation of treatment would prevent long-term complications and a child would enable normal growth and development .

Who should be tested for Celiaki ?
1 . Each person after the age of 3 years with the above symptoms .
2 . Relatives of patients with disease Celiakisë
3 . Children with other autoimmune diseases ( Diabetes Melli , Down syndrome , autoimmune tiroiditi etc. )

Treatment
The only way but very successful in treating disease Celiakisë is strict gluten-free diet for life . Gluten free diet can be easier than you think , because many natural foods are gluten-free , such as meat, fish , fruit and vegetables , eggs , milk , rice , corn , potatoes and beans .
Because of the increased risk for osteoporosis , it is important that these people regularly consume food that contains calcium as milk and cheese .